References

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Web Sites

• ATLAS Education Pages
• Boston University ATLAS Education Website - The detector simulation applet shows particle data put on histograms as the detector runs. The detector animation is beautiful and instructive.
• High-Energy Physics Concepts
• Kinetic Theory I - This applet shows a histogram of molecular speeds being filled as gas particles bounce off each other and off the walls of a container.
• The Particle Adventure
• Particle Data Group
• Particle Physics Education Sites

Books

• Students

  • Carrigan, Richard A., and W. Peter Trower, Readings from Scientific American: Particles and Forces at the Heart of the Matter, W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1990. As the editors write in the preface of this book, its individual articles are suitable for interested high school students. Teachers should definitely read this. Some of the articles are worth a second read.
    Estimated cost: $12
  • Lederman, Leon M., The God Particle, Houghton Mifflin Co., New York, 1993. This book provides excellent background for a teacher who wants to explain the goals of experimental particle physics and its place in modern science. There are some good episodes about the role of histograms in data analysis.
    Estimated cost: $15
  • Trigg, George L., Landmark Experiments in Twentieth Century Physics, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1995. This book has short chapters on the experimental basis of parity violation, neutrino detection, and symmetry in the quark model.
    Estimated cost: $10

• Teachers

  • AIP Style Manual, New York: American Institute of Physics, 1990. - When there is some doubt about how an actual histogram (or any graph of data) should be displayed, this guide shows you the best way to present it in final form.
    Estimated cost: $20
  • Ferbel, Thomas, ed. Experimental Techniques in High Energy Physics, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1987. - This collection of reprinted articles on the technology of particle detection has many examples of histograms and how they are interpreted.
    Estimated cost: $40
  • Fernow, Richard. Introduction to Experimental Particle Physics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. - This book addresses the technology of particle detection. The results of design experiments are displayed as histograms.
    Estimated cost: $20
  • Povh, Bogdan et al., Particles and Nuclei, An Introduction to the Physical Concepts, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995. - This book is very readable with regard to the descriptions of histograms displayed in the text.
    Estimated cost: $20
  • Serway, Raymond A. et al., Modern Physics, Second Edition, Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1997. The final chapter has an 11-page essay about the discovery of the top quark at CDF, and the data appears on a histogram.
    Estimated cost: $80
  • Roe, Byron P., Probability and Statistics in Experimental Physics, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992. - This book has a series of has an interesting chapters and exercises. It is written for undergraduate students majoring in physics.
    Estimated cost: $20
  • Taylor, John R., An Introduction to Error Analysis, Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books, 1982. - Every teacher who wants to know how significant digits and statistics affect the interpretation physical measurements should have this book. It gives you consistent and reliable rules for reporting data and for displaying data in histograms.
    Estimated cost: $30